Applications of magnetic nanoparticles in biomedicine Essay

Utilizations of attractive nanoparticles in biomedicine - Essay Example Due to the broad employments of MNPs (attractive nanoparticles) in biomedical, biotechnology, substance science, designing, and natural order, much fixation has been given to the mix of various MNPs. Attractive nanoparticles gives some alluring possibilities in biomedicine. The first is that they have controllable sizes fluctuating from few nanometres to many nanometres, which puts them at sizes that are lesser than or proportional to sizes of a protein (5â€50 nm) an infection (20â€450 nm), a quality (2 nm wide and 10â€100 nm long) or a cell (10â€100î ¼m) (Pankhurst et al. 2003). In this article the investigation tends to the fundamental highlights of the biomedical uses of MNPs. In the wake of reconsidering a portion of the relevant essential originations of attraction, containing the classification of different attractive assets and how attractive highlights can apply a power at a space, the paper worries with thinking about four specific applications: medicate conveya nce, attractive partition, attractive reverberation imaging (MRI), and hyperthermia medicines differentiate improvement. The use of minuscule particles in vitro appraisals has been accomplished for very nearly 40 years (Sun et al.2000). This is on the grounds that to various invaluable variables involving a major surface zone to volume proportion, and the probability of ever-present tissue accommodation (Goya et al. 2008). Nanoparticles that have attractive highlights offer invigorating new possibilities including upgrading the nature of MRI, hyperthermic treatment for harmful cells, site-arranged medication conveyance.

Topics For Physical Education Essay

Topics For Physical Education EssayIf you are tasked with writing a subject based physical education essay then you have a range of topics to choose from. Here are some of the most common topic options for this type of essay.Different states and schools use different methods and protocols in their daily activities. A topic for physical education needs to be specific in order to be effective.If you know a number of kids who take part in a group sport or even a group exercise then you can use this topic for exercise as well. This is an effective method to discuss the many benefits of the various sports and exercises that children participate in. Your discussion should be done in a positive light and you should stress the advantages of being involved in any exercise.It is essential that all students understand the consequences of their actions on the school's site, its students and the school itself. This is where a topic for physical education comes in. You should be as specific as pos sible in your discussion. The title of the topic should be something like 'The Consequences of Students' Negative Actions on the School and its Students'.Quality of life is becoming a major concern in our society. Some people would argue that everybody needs to be able to live a happy life, but others would argue that everyone should strive to achieve this quality in their own way. It is very important to learn about quality of life before discussing this topic in the essay. You can choose to use a generic title that will cover this whole aspect.Some physical problems are associated with health problem, such as a breathing problem, a heart problem or even an eye problem. Using this topic for physical education as your topic will be very useful in learning more about such health problems. Another reason to use this is because it is related to health in general.One of the most common topics to discuss is the importance of good nutrition. This can apply to anyone and therefore you shou ld make sure that you choose an appropriate title for your topic.As you can see there are many topics to choose from when it comes to topics for physical education. Use these tips to help you decide on the topics that will work best for your essay.

Effects of Study Habits in Academic Performance free essay sample

No single factor can be certainly brought up as foreseeing grades. Ithaca been a transaction of such huge numbers of elements sexual orientation, IQ, study propensities, age, year level, guardians instructive accomplishment, economic wellbeing, number of kin, birthed, and so on. Truth be told, practically all of existing natural and individual factors a variable of scholarly execution. Be that as it may, as of right now, torchbearers might want to explore the conceivable relationship of study habitants the elements influencing it to the scholarly accomplishment of under accreditations understudies of Xavier University-Atone De Canaan.Authentications of on this zone subsequently turns into a genuine and convincing titivations the specialists to lead this investigation. An examination led by University of Kentucky was to decide whether the school achievement can be improved with the Student Attitude Inventory(SAl). The stock was created in Britain and contains 47 things Westhampton to recognize understudies in advanced education based on: (1 ) motivation,(2) study strategies, (3) assessment strategy, and (4) absence of stopping scholastic work. We will compose a custom paper test on Impacts of Study Habits in Academic Performance or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Understudies in six Kentucky junior colleges unleashed to communicate their mentalities toward study propensities on the Student Adulterations. There were 996 understudies in the example populace (413 guys Andean guys). A proportion of capacity (composite American College Test score)and scholastic execution (cumuli grade-point normal) were gotten for every understudy inspected. The Student Attitude Inventory contributed factually critical measure of change past a capacity measure for guys and females. ( Mark E.Thompson, 2005)According to Mark Crinkly (2000), Successful understudies are capable exceed social exercises with great investigation propensities. A redirection from considers Willamette stress and help keep from getting exhausted. He said that understudy should ensure that he should enjoy a reprieve or an hour after investigations meet with companions, to play a few cards, work out at the rec center, or to chatter with again associate. For thusly, that understudy will discover focus when notice study, on the off chance that he designs a social movement a short time later. He stated, To create frothy public activity, create routine investigation habits.After dinner, drag your bookend schoolwork to the library, locate an agreeable and calm specialty, and study for a few hours, taking discontinuous brief breaks like clockwork or thereabouts. Warming up to whom you share comparative investigation propensities, and offer a table or an examination space with them would be a most ideal path in creating perceptibility as what Mark said. Part RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This section presents the strategy that will be use in the conductor this investigation and will incorporate the conversation of research structure, samplings,respondents, information gathering and factual instrument utilized. A.The Research Design The investigation will utilize the elucidating study structure in its endeavor decide, portray and dissect connections between time management,learning abilities, and study aptitudes and the needy variable which is Tuesday propensities. It attempts to see whether the autonomous factors counterintelligences the reliant variable. B. Samplings and Respondents Education Students who are selected during the ongoing school year aggressor University which is included 5 percent of the all out populace will actor size of the examination. The example populace is 286 taken the aggregate from the 1 000 Education understudies of Xavier University.The names intermittently of the all out populace will be organized one after another in order and as per year levels. Basic delineated arbitrary strategy, proportionate tootsie will be done dependent on the irregular numbers produced by Maintain or Excel. Names will at that point be gotten and these will be remembered for actor populace. C. Research Settings The investigation will be directed inside the Learning Research Center angrier college Atone De Canaan. D. Information Gathering The scientists will solicit consent from the dignitary from institute of training to permit the instruction understudy to answer the poll.

History Of Racism In USA And How We Can Combat It Today - 1375 Words

History Of Racism In USA And How We Can Combat It Today (Term Paper Sample) Content: RACISMInstitution:Name:Racism may be defined as a belief that a certain race or ethnicity is either superior or inferior to others. It involves different acts where a particular group of people is treated unfavorable may be because of their color, nationality, race nor ethnic origin. It may involve name calling, stereotyping or even insulting. It may also involve commentary probably in the media and speeches at public. A good example is the speech of US president Donald Trump which has brought nothing less than hatred between Africans and United States.Racism is known to emerge in early 1902 when U.S developed a policy tackling Native Americans. The term racism in the social science is new (Barot $ Bird 2001). There are two development that made the term racism popular; to start with the first development, which was rumors against the racial eugenics as well as anti- Semitism which was targeting Germany s Jewish people back 1930s and also during the era of second wo rld war (Blaut 1992). The second development that made racism popular originated from U. S activists back 1960s. From the activists point of view, political independence gained from former African colonies as well as Asia colonies was of no important at all since did not change economic conditions of the newly established independent states (Nkrumah 1965). Victories of United states civil rights did not change the economic inequality which existed between white Americans and black Americans. Moreover, the movements safeguarding civil rights did not have particular strategies to eliminate the covert. Therefore, the hierarchy of racism was exercised in different ways in the Midwest and northern parts of united states. These problems were the foundation of black power criticism in their movements of fighting for their civil rights (Levy 1998). Martin Luther Jr.and southern Christian leadership conference addressed these problems though their attempts were unsuccessful and did not ch ance the idea of economic inequality (Ralph 1993). Therefore, they needed to establish a better way of expressing what they were against and also how to go about for changes to happen. This paper has two core objectives: The first thing is to see various forms of racism and the second thing is to evaluate whether we can eliminate racism among ourselves or not.In this paper we are going to base our arguments in three common forms of racism: Individual, cultural and institutional racism. To begin with, individual racism is somehow related to prejudice (Jones 1997). Although prejudice is conceptualized to be an attitude, its scale in most cases include items that are used to determine elements of racism. For instance, to come up with a statement that brings in group differences, defining one group inferior or superior and coming up with policies that strengthen group differences are very key when it comes to definition of individual racism (Brigham 1993). From Brighams point of view, i ndividual racism manifests itself either by overtly or covertly. Moreover, individual racism can openly be expressed by someone who needs to fulfil his or her personal needs. Therefore, in the event where groups are categorized by race, then racism takes its path (west 1993).According to Sears theory of symbolic racism and Mcconahay theory of modern racism, the negative feeling that whites developed towards African Americans in early years, has chances of persisting into adulthood. However, their expression is indirect and symbolic mostly in terms of resistance and opposition to busing. Furthermore, McConahay (1986) and Sears indicated that as it pertains aversive racism, there is observation of negative effects of symbolic and modern racism which manifests itself when discrimination brings itself out on basis of other factors apart from race. This opens door to institutional form of racism.Institutional racism may include different effects of practices, laws and policies on individ uals of a particular racial group. It can originate from intentional racism; For example, limiting or reducing immigrations by assuming superiority or inferiority of the other groups. This is meant to motivate someone to provide resources to his or her group only. For example, Caucasian Americans came up with racial ideas that aided to justify the law which opened a way for them to acquire two crucial forms of economic exploitation i.e. slavery and take away lands from marginalized tribes (Klinker $ smith 1999). Typically, this form of racism is recognized as unfair to races since it takes into considerations laws that are assumed to be right and probably moral to races. This form of racism is ritualized and it has some racial ideologies that favors ones perspective view of things. According to Cox (1993), institutional racism is not particularly intentional or race based but its operation is inferred from systematic disparate results between ethnic groups which can be identified by unfair policies. These effects seem to appear economical (Jones 1997). Jones also claimed that racial ideologies and values often become so deeply embedded in the fiber of ones culture that they begin to define what is moral and appropriate to the society. This phenomenon is commonly referred to as cultural racism which we are going to discuss below.Cultural racism occurs when one groups has powers to dictate cultural values to be used or followed by society (Allport 1954). This racism does not only revolve around the culture, values and heritage of ones group but also undermining the culture of other groups. The term cultural racism has been used historically and to date with raising frequency to capture attention to racism as social customs, behavior and manner, moral beliefs, religion among other activities (Halstead 1988). For this matter, this form of racism involves prejudicial to other group or individuals simply because of their cultural values (Thomas 1991). The results of this form of racism is that minor groups may be forced to adopt cultural practices of the majority hence become assimilated (Halstead 1988).Having discussed deeply on how racism is exercised in our society, we now come to the big question of whether we can combat racism. My answer is simply yes! We can stop racism through three major ways. First, we need to educate ourselves on racism as much as we can. secondly, we have to see people next to us, our neighbors as equal and human being as well. Then the final thing to do is to speak up if you see someone embracing racism in the society and in the globe as well.As we have mentioned above, we need to educate ourselves about...

Passer - Common French Expressions

The French verb passer literally means to pass and is also used in many idiomatic expressions. Learn how to say whatever comes into ones head, to write something off, to kick the bucket, and more with this list of expressions with passer. Possible Meanings of passer to passto go over/under/through(liquid) to strain(movie, music) to show, put on(time) to spend Expressions with passer passer clothingto slip on/intopasser infinitiveto go do somethingpasser à   la douaneto go through customspasser à   la radio/tà ©là ©to be on the radio/TVpasser à   lheure dà ©tà ©to turn the clocks foward, begin daylight saving timepasser à   lheure dhiverto turn the clocks back, end daylight saving timepasser à   pas lentsto pass slowlypasser de bons momentsto have a good timepasser de bouche en boucheto be rumored aboutpasser des faux billetsto pass forged moneypasser devant Monsieur le maireto get marriedpasser du coq à   là ¢neto change the subject, make a non sequiturpasser en courantto run pastpasser en revue  - to list  - (figurative) to go over in ones mind, go through  - (military) to (pass in) review, to inspectpasser (en) ordinal numberto put in ___ gearpasser là ¢ge deto be too old forpasser larme à   gauche (familiar)to kick the bucketpasser la journà ©e/soirà ©eto spend the day/eveningpasser la main dans le dos à   quelquunto butter someone up passer la tà ªte à   la porteto poke ones head around the doorpasser le capto get past the worst, turn the corner, get over the hurdlepasser le cap des 40 ansto turn 40passer le poteauto cross the finish linepasser les bornesto go too farpasser les limitesto go too farpasser les menottes à   quelquunto handcuff someonepasser parto go through (an experience or intermediary)passer par de dures à ©preuvesto go through some rough timespasser par toutes les couleurs de larc-en-cielto blush to the roots of ones hair, to turn pale (out of fear)passer par luniversità ©to go through collegepasser pourto take for, be taken forpasser quelque chose à   quelquunto pass/hand something to someonepasser quelque chose aux/par profits et pertesto write something off (as a loss)passer quelque chose en fraudeto smuggle somethingpasser quelque chose sous silenceto pass something over in silencepasser quelquun à   tabacto beat someone uppasser quelquun par les armesto shoot someone by firing squad passer sa colà ¨re sur quelquunto take out ones anger on someonepasser sa mauvaise humeur sur quelquunto take out ones bad mood on someonepasser sa vie à   faireto spend ones life doingpasser son envie deto satisfy ones craving forpasser son permis (de conduire)to take ones driving testpasser son tourto miss ones turnpasser sur (detail, mistake)to pass over, overlookpasser un caprice à   quelquunto humor someonepasser un bon momentto have a good timepasser un coup de fil à   quelquun (informal)to give someone a callpasser un examento take/sit a testpasser un livre à   quelquunto loan someone a bookpasser un marchà ©to make a dealpasser une visite mà ©dicaleto get/have a physicaldire tout ce qui passe par la tà ªteto say whatever comes into ones headfaire passer quelque chose aux/par profits et pertesto write something off (as a loss)faire passer quelquun pourto make someone out to belaisser passerto let in/through/pastpour faire passerto wash down, to help (food) downpour pa sser le tempsto pass the timeen passantin passing, on ones waysoit dit en passantby the way, incidentally Un ange passe.Theres an awkward silence.Ça fait du bien par oà ¹ à §a passe  ! (informal)Thats just what the doctor ordered!Ça fait passer le tempsIt passes the timeCe nest quun mauvais moment à   passerIts just a rough patch, bad spellComme le temps passe vite  !Time flies!et jen passe !and thats not all!Une idà ©e mest passà © par la tà ªteI had an ideaJe ne fais que passerI cant stay, Im just passing throughJe vous passe name (on the phone)Im putting you through to ___, Heres ___Nous sommes tous passà ©s par là  Weve all been through thatOn lui passe toutHe gets away with anything, He gets whatever he wantsPar oà ¹ es-tu passà ©Ã‚  ?Which way did you come?Passez-moi lexpression (If youll) pardon the expressionPassez-moi du feuGive me a lightPassonsLets move on, Lets not talk about that (any more)Quest-ce quil lui a passà © (comme savon)  ! (informal)He really laid into him, gave him a rough time!Tu (le) fais passerYou pass it aroundse passer  - to take place  - (time) to pass, go by  - to give, pass to each otherse passer deto do withoutse passer de commentairesto speak for itselfse passer la main dans le dosto pat one another on the backse faire passer pourto pretend to be, pass oneself off asÇa ne se passera pas comme à §a  ! I wont stand for that!Je me passe de tes conseils  !I can do without your advice!Je ne sais pas ce qui se passe en luiI dont dont whats got into him, come over himQuest-ce qui sest passà ©Ã‚  ?What happened?Tout sest bien passà ©Everything went smoothly, without a hitchPasser conjugations

The Impact Of Culture On Mental Health Essay - 1673 Words

THE IMPACT OF CULTURE ON MENTAL HEALTH AND HOW THIS CAN AFFECT THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEN THE HEALTH CARE PROVIDER AND THE CLIENT Introduction The importance of a cross-cultural understanding in Psychology is imperative to successful care and assistance of mental health. Understanding and acknowledging the complexities of different cultures is the beginning of a more informed approach to mental health. Cultural factors and questions play a fundamental role, however, simply acknowledging cultural differences does not necessarily provide the best individual help. Thus, a combination of cultural, demographic and individual factors are crucial initial steps to specific individual assistance. Treating individuals in context can help discern deviations from cultural factors and norms. Therefore an approach which recognises that both culture and specificity to the client is most effective. Knowing someone’s background can be fundamental to clinical help but could also reinforce cultural stereotypes, this overly simplistic view could be detrimental to treatment. Throughout this essay the impact of culture on men tal health will be examined, and how the health care provider and client mediate a relationship to produce the most effective results. The impact of culture on mental health Cultural competency and sensitivity are essential factors to effective mental health treatment. ‘Cultural competency is defined as an ability to understand and be aware of cultural factors in theShow MoreRelatedImpact Of Asian Culture On Mental Health1984 Words   |  8 PagesCulture Matters: The Impact of Asian Culture on Mental Health and the Patient-Practitioner Relationship Jeannie Lai-Salazar The University of Adelaide Culture Matters: The Impacts of Asian Culture on Mental Health and the Patient-Practitioner Relationship Mental health illnesses affect everyone. 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According to National Household Survey conducted in 2011, 1,400,685 people have been identified as being a member of one of the Aboriginal groups within Canada. Within these Aboriginal groups, critical mental health issues such as ma jor depressionRead MoreThe Impact Of History And Counseling Theories1046 Words   |  5 PagesThe Impact of History and Counseling Theories We are in a time where countless individuals are under extreme forms of stress, etc. The National Alliance on Mental Health cites nearly Approximately 1 in 5 adults in the U.S., or 43.8 million, experiences mental illness in each year. Minority growth is increasing at a rapid pace in the United States. There is a growing need for culturally competent, sensitive therapists can interact with various diverse ethnic groups, LGBTQ, and the disabled. UnfortunatelyRead MoreAfrican Americans And Hispanics Of Mental Health Facilities765 Words   |  4 PagesAfrican-Americans and Hispanics cautiousness of mental health facilities. (Bailey et al., 2011). For example,African-American and Hispanics are less likely than European-Americans to receive outpatient treatment, In many African-American communities, there is a persistent belief that social and treatment service attempt to impose European-American values, adding to distrust of the treatment ( ). Self-Disclosure Within some cultures, mental health, domestic violence, any type of abuse, and addictionRead MoreAsian American And Asian Americans Essay1560 Words   |  7 Pageshow there is â€Å"not enough research† that investigates Asian American mental health (160). In other words, even though some current data show higher rates of mental illness among Asian Americans, the model minority myth has distracted scholars from studying Asian American mental health. Thus, to ensure that Asian Americans have access to resources and to dispel falsely preconceived notions, there should be greater study of mental health across diverse groups of Asian Americans (and greater study of Asian

Ethics & Corporate Social Responsibility- Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About the Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility? Answer: Introducation: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is understood as a business approach which contributes to sustainable development through delivering environmental, social, as well as economic benefits for every stakeholder. CSR fosters a vision of business accountability to many stakeholders above and beyond investors and shareholders (Keinert 2012, p. 13). While there are a number of arguments in favour of companies participating in CSR initiatives, there are also several arguments against it. This paper provides arguments against and for Corporate Social Responsibility. Real life examples are provided to support the arguments made. Arguments in Favour of CSR Improved company image and reputation Adopting a CSR policy, paired with real action, could actually improve or build the companys reputation. If a certain behaviour or operation of an organization creates a negative backlash which results in lost profitability, for instance over issues pertaining to the environment, CSR becomes a method that the company can use in repairing the reputation damage and restoring profitability (Fiore 2017, p. 43). In other instances, embracing a CSR policy works as part of an organizations essential brand, and customers have the tendency of demonstrating more loyalty to businesses which can show that they are committed to environmental concerns (Griseri Seppala 2010, p. 26). An example of a company that has been able to improve its image and reputation through its CSR policy is the oil and gas company BP. In the year 2010, the companys Deepwater Horizon rig situated within the Gulf of Mexico region in the United States exploded. The environmental impact was catastrophic. Not only were the marine animals affected, but the residents of the Gulf of Mexico were affected also as beaches were closed and fishing was called off. The companys image was greatly tarnished. However, in the following year 2011, this oil and gas company invested a considerable amount of effort, money and time in CSR initiatives. In 2011, BP spent $103.7 million on community programs, including disaster relief (BP 2016). The firm works with local community groups in delivering programs which are catered to the needs and interests of local communities. The projects include community infrastructure projects which help people in poor nations to access healthcare, drinking water and other basic resources. There are also education programs (BP 2016). Moreover, staff members of BP volunteered their time and raised money that benefited charities in many part of the world. Employees of BP in 2011 donated nearly $8 million to charities, whilst BP Foundation gave nearly $9.8 million. In 2015, through its BP Foundation, BP donated $125,000 to provide shelter, health services as well as food to people who had been affected by floods in Texas (BP 2016). These CSR ventures greatly helped to improve BPs image and reputation following the oil spill disaster. Walmart has also used corporate social responsibility to improve its image in the community. Walmart is committed to helping people in the communities in which it operates live a better life through its CSR ventures in 3 major areas: Childrens Food Safety Nutrition, Womens Economic Empowerment, and Sustainability Community. Walmart has also donated in-kind support and cash worth more than $20 million to welfare organizations and local charities in different parts of the world (Chernev Blair 2015, p. 1425). Better customer relations A major hallmark of CSR is staying involved in the communities in which the company carries out its operations. Such community involvement, as Chernev and Blair (2015, p. 1413) pointed out, is of great importance in creating trust between the company and the customers. If an organization builds trust with its customers, those customers are inclined to give that company the benefit of the doubt in the event that something goes badly, instead of supposing raw negligence or malicious intent (Griseri Seppala 2010, p. 34). In addition, clients have the tendency of sticking with business organizations which they trust instead of trying to find new firms, which helps in keeping an organization profitable over the long run (Skilton Purdy 2017, p. 99). Researchers have reported that nearly 80% of consumers think that business organizations have to be socially responsible. Customers in general are attracted to businesses which actually have a repute of being a corporate citizen (Chernev Bla ir 2015, p. 1414). It is of note that customers are willing to pay a 10% higher price for product items from companies which they consider as being socially responsible (Chernev Blair 2015, p. 1415). Cost savings One way of engaging in CSR activities is through decreasing the companys resource usage, emissions, as well as waste and in so doing helping the environment. Using energy-efficient equipment could help the company save money (Griseri Seppala 2010, p. 35). This is because the company owners can reduce their utility bills and attain cost savings for the business (Keinert 2012, p. 14). An example of a company that uses CSR to save costs is Lawson. Lawson Inc., is a Japanese convenience store franchise chain. In order to save energy use across its stores throughout Japan, the company is introducing energy-saving air-conditioning and refrigeration equipment in addition to LED lighting in each of its store facilities (Lawson 2016). By the year 2020, Lawson seeks to attain a 20% decrease in consumption of electricity per store in comparison to the financial year 2010, which would result in considerable cost savings (Lawson 2016). This Tokyo-based firm is working to decrease its energy util ization at its stores for the purpose of reducing their environmental impact, and in doing save energy costs (Lawson 2016). Help solve problems in the society The other reason for business organizations to be socially responsible is that they have many resources that are required to solve problems in the society and they have to utilize them to do so. For example, they can give in-kind gifts, financial donations, or participate in employee volunteerism (Griseri Seppala 2010, p. 48). According to Fiore (2017, p. 55), CSR activities can greatly help in solving a number of problems within the society for instance crimes, pollution, poverty, health, poor management of waste, inequality, obesity, and even environmental hazards. There are many businesses that help in solving societal problems in different parts of the globe through their CSR policies, for example Foo Kon Tan, a Singaporean company. One of the corporate social responsibility initiatives of this company entails providing foodstuffs to the needy people within the community in which the company operates (Foo Kon Tan 2017). The firm also donates blankets and clothes to help the needy. The New York-based multinational pharmaceutical corporation Bristol-Myers Squibb every year donates medicines to people in Africa, Middle East, South America and Asia. The firm donated medications worth more than $66 million in the year 2013 (Bristol-Myers Squibb 2016). This allows Bristol-Myers Squibb to promote health equity. It also allows the company to improve the health outcomes of populations in different parts of the globe that are disproportionately affected by serious conditions and illnesses (Bristol-Myers Squibb 2016). Another big company that makes donations to charitable organizations that help solve problems in the society is Qantas Airways. Every year, the company puts aside airline pillows, duvets and blankets after their flying days are over. Qantas then donates these used duvets, pillows and blankets to human services charity organizations and to persons in need throughout Australia (Daoud 2016). CSR helps a company to attract and retain talented people Being a sustainable and socially responsible company might make recruiting new talented staffs and/or retaining the existing ones easier for the business. Skilton and Purdy (2017, p. 102) pointed out that staff members might be motivated to continue working for such a company for a longer period of time. This is very important and beneficial to the company as it reduces the disruption and costs associated with recruiting new employees and retraining workers. All in all, engaging or participating in CSR activities supports the company being an employer of choice, which basically translates into the capacity of the firm to draw and retain employees of high calibre (Griseri Seppala 2010, p. 49). Researchers have reported that a robust CSR framework could help a business organization to become more attractive to prospective future staffs who want to work in companies with sound ethics, community mindedness, and responsible practices (Chernev and Blair 2015, p. 1417). Arguments against CSR activities Costs One of the main arguments against embracing a CSR policy is cost. Keinert (2012, p. 29) reported that CSR initiatives aimed at reducing the companys impact on the environment in most cases call for costly changes in equipment or ongoing expenses without any precise way of recouping those losses. For example, assume that a company wants to incorporate CSR principles into its business operations in order to reduce its adverse environmental impacts. The company may need to make significant investments in newer, more energy-efficient equipment which are generally expensive (Sims 2011, p. 122). SP Group is a Danish plastics manufacturing company that operates globally. It has its headquarters in Denmark. As part of CSR ventures, this multinational firm invested a substantial amount of money totalling over $5 million in energy-saving equipment for its plastic manufacturing factories in Denmark, Sweden, Germany and other parts of Europe. SP Group sought to decrease its consumption of energy and decrease the waste percentage, and its factories were focused on these efforts (SP Group 2014). Also, the decision to procure from local producers or maintain domestic manufacturing facilities instead of outsourcing or moving production to low-cost Asian countries could drive up expenses for an organization. In addition, there is no clear proof which shows that sticking to a CSR policy brings about a considerable increase in revenues or profits (Fiore 2017, p. 46). Less money going to employees and shareholders Another major argument against CSR activities is that less money could be going to the companys staff members and/or the shareholders. This is mainly because a proportion of the companys profit is directed toward charitable activities. Fiore (2017, p. 47) reported that even though some firms, General Electric and Toyota for example, have profited from CSR activities, businesses which engage in CSR activities in most cases prove as likely to lose their money since there are very few records showing that CSR activities help to increase profits (Sims 2011, p. 123). For this reason, investors and shareholders might oppose any attempts by the companys top managers to move the firm toward that direction (Skilton Purdy 2017, p. 118). Prices of company products/services go up When a company engages in various CSR activities such as donating time or cash to charitable organizations, ensuring safety of products, cleaning up the environment, or investing in energy efficient equipment that reduce the companys environmental impact, its costs would increase. Eventually, the company will pass this cost to the end-users by increasing the prices of services and/or products (Chernev Blair 2015, p.1419). Even though some consumers might be prepared to pay additional costs for a service/good from a socially responsible firm, other customers may not be willing to do so. This could consequently put the firm at an economic disadvantage (Sims 2011, p. 125). Responsibility of executives is to maximize profits The other argument against CSR activities is that managers are not empowered to spend on social welfare. Business organizations are meant to create/provide services or products and not handle welfare activities. Companies in essence lack the knowledge or expertise needed to handle social problems in the society. In addition, if the manager concentrates on social responsibilities, he or she fails to perform his/her primary duty for the business organization at full capacity (Fiore 2017, p. 41). The top executives of a company have a fiduciary duty to the companys shareholders, and a corporate social responsibility policy opposes this fiduciary duty (Sims 2011, p. 126). In essence, the managements responsibility to the companys shareholders is to maximize profits. Managers who forsake profit in favour of some benefits to the community might lose their job and replaced by managers who consider profit a major priority (Keinert 2012, p. 110) Conclusion In conclusion, there are a number of benefits and drawbacks associated with embracing a CSR policy for a company. The main benefits is that they improve the companys image and reputation, help the firm in attracting and retaining staffs members of high calibre, and help in solving problems in the society. Even so, the main drawbacks include the fact that CSR activities result in less money going to staffs and/or the shareholders, it could be costly, managers have a fiduciary responsibility to shareholders to maximize profits, and prices of the companys products may go up to as the company seeks to recoup the money spent on CSR activities. References BP 2016, BP Foundation. Retrieved from https://www.bp.com/en_us/bp-us/community/bp-foundation.html Bristol-Myers Squibb 2016, Drug donations and philanthropic efforts. Retrieved from https://www.bms.com/about-us/responsibility/access-to-medicines-in-the-developing-world/drug-donations-and-philanthropic-efforts.html Chernev, A, Blair, S 2015, 'Doing Well by Doing Good: The Benevolent Halo of Corporate Social Responsibility', Journal Of Consumer Research, 41, 6, pp. 1412-1425, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 20 May 2017. Daoud, E 2016, First class friends: Qantas donates blankets and doonas to RSPCA. Retrieved from https://www.news.com.au/travel/travel-ideas/best-of-travel/first-class-friends-qantas-donates-blankets-and-doonas-to-rspca/news-story/6a783cfe28298420c49c7a2a7cd7e563 Fiore, R 2017, 'Corporate social responsibility as a corporate strategy, do investors benefit?', Proceedings For The Northeast Region Decision Sciences Institute (NEDSI), pp. 43-55, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 20 May 2017. Foo Kon Tan, 2016, CSR. Retrieved from https://www.fookontan.com/corporate-social-responsibility Griseri, P., Seppala, N 2010, Business ethics and corporate social responsibility. Sydney, Australia: Cengage Learning. Keinert, C 2012, Corporate Social Responsibility As An International Strategy, Heidelberg: Physica, eBook Collection (EBSCOhost), EBSCOhost, viewed 20 May 2017. Lawson 2016, Corporate social responsibility: Energy saving. Retrieved from https://lawson.jp/en/csr/energy_saving/stores/ Sims, RR 2011, Ethics and corporate social responsibility: Why giants fall. Westport, Conn: Praeger Publishers. Skilton, P, Purdy, J 2017, 'Authenticity, Power, and Pluralism: A Framework for Understanding Stakeholder Evaluations of Corporate Social Responsibility Activities', Business Ethics Quarterly, 27, 1, pp. 99-123, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 20 May 2017. SP Group, Corporate social responsibility. Retrieved from https://sp-group.com/investor-relations/corporate-social-responsibility/